Transmission system for statistical data



Nov. 17, 1942. A. H. DICKINSON 2,302,009

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL DATA 7 Filed March 25, 1939 7Sheets-Sheet l Ill ' ATTORNEY 1942- A. H. DICKINSON 2,302,009

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL DATA Filed March 25, 1939 7Sheets-Sheet 2 83: IN ENTOR ATTORNEY NOV. 17, 1942. DICKINSON 2,302,009

TRANSMISSIQN SYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL DATA Filed March 25, 1939 7Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG.3.

WLJLJLJULJ 36 38 F? FT. FT. W F F ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1942.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR Filed March 25, 1939 A. H. DICKINSON STATISTICALDATA FIGS.

'7 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATITORNEY 1942- A. H. DICKINSON TRANSMISSION SYSTEMFOR STATISTICAL DATA Filed March 25, 1939 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q iiviwimi-E 2 L J,., m 41 11 14 3 W mm W F! F! Si N: fit mt l Nb ATTORNEY 1942- A.H. DlCKINSON TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL DATA Filed March 25,1939 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENT R 4 m ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1942. A. H.DICKINSON 2,302,009

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL DATA Filed March 25, 1959 7Sheets-Sheet 7 Flasa FIGJO.

Flt-1.9. C W 4| ,0

ffillilI-W A (2 L w BY ATT-ORNEY Patented Nov. 17, 1942 TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM FOR STATISTICAL ATA Arthur H. Dickinson, Bronxville, N. Y.,assignor to International Business Machines Co poration, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Application March- 25, 1939, Serial No.264,264

9 Claims. (Cl. 235-6117) This invention relates to transmission systemsfor statistical data and, more particularly, to systems of the typewherein data accumulating and recording units areprovided at a secondarystation to be operated in accordance with data transmitted from aprimary, station.

It is the general object of the instant invention to provide novel meansfor transmitting concurrently a plurality of orders of statistical datato a distant point over a single transmission system.

A more specific object of the invention resides. in the provision forcolumnar separation of a plurality of columns of data to be transmittedby causing a cathode ray tube to scan such columns successively toeffect concurrent transmission of data therein having the same numericalmagnitude.

Another object is to provide means for efiecting digit value separationof data on a record card in accordance with differential time whileattaining columnar separation by causing a cathode ray tube beam to scanthe columns of the card successively in a given digit value positionduring a predetermined time interval.

Still another object is to form a succession of impulses which arecreated by a sensing device.

and which by their time difference during the predetermined briefinterval required to sense a given index point position in all the datacolumns of a record card represent such data columns, to transmit theseimpulses during the brief time interval, and to separate these impulsesat areceiving station for controlling the operation of correspondingcolumns of the data accountingelements of an accounting machine.

A further object is the provision of means whereby impulses created by asensing device during the sensing of one index point position of all thedata columns of a record card are employed to modulate a carrier wavefor transmis? sion purposes, the impulse upon reaching a' distantstation being separated from the carrier wave and operated through anelectronic distributor to effect operation of data accounting elementsat that distant station.

A still further object is to provide record card control of theoperations of a distantly located accounting machine in their propersequence by employing a cathode ray tube at the controlling station toscan the card so as to create impulses and distribute the same fortransmission and a.

synchronously operating cathode ray tube at the distant station fordistributing the impulses to the various units of the accountingmachine.

provide novel automatic group control means at the transmitter forcomparing corresponding control columns of successive record cards forcontrol indicia therein and to control, in accordance with suchagreement or lack of agreement, an accounting machine at a distant pointin its accumulating, total taking, and resetting operations. 1 p

It is within the contemplation of the invention to provide 'incooperation withv a record feeding means an improved form of recordsensing means comprisinga cathode ray tube for sensing all columns ofthe record in-succession once during' each successive index point oftime in the cycle of the record feeding means, resulting in the creationof data impulses having slight time difierences to represent the columnsto which they are related and the impression of those impulses on asingle carrier medium for transmission purposes.

It is iurther contemplated to provide a record analyzing meanscomprisinga cathode ray beam the purpose of transmitting them to a distant. pointto operate data accounting elements in accordance with the datarepresentations on the record.

In the usual record controlled accounting machines of the well knownHollerith type, the general circuit pattern comprises'a single circuitextending to an analyzing unit where the recordcard, by its passagetherethrough and the data indications it bears, causes a number ofparallel circuits to be completed to the automatic group control,accumulating and recording units, the parallel circuits thereuponcombining over a single circuit; for the return to the source of powersupply. According to the present inven tion, however, aplurality'ofpotential impulses are made available by a'single sensing device, andimpulses representing the same digit values are transmittedsimultaneously, for all practical Another object of the instantinvention is to purposes, over a single carrier medium to a point wherethe original plurality of electrical characteristics is reestablished asdistinct impulses for the control of accumulating and recording units.The fact that a single carrier medium rather than parallel circuits isutilized becomes particularly advantageous where the accumulating andrecording units of an accounting machine are remotely located withrespect to its record feeding and analyzing unit. It is to beappreciated, however, that the present invention is equally applicableto an accounting machine of the usual compact structure.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an outside view of the card feeding and cathode ray sensingmechanism showing the card feed and reset clutch, all of which mechanismis located at the transmitting station.

Fig. 1a is a section taken at la of Fig. 1 in the direction indicated bythe arrows.

Fig. 2 is a detail view of the controlling devices of the accumulatorresetting mechanism at the receiving station.

Fig. 3 is a central section of the printing mechanism at the receiver.

Fig. 4 is a detail of an impulse emitting commutator associated with theprinting mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view showing the main driving and operatingmechanism for the printing unit.

Fig. 6 is a view of one order of the accumulator.

Fig. 7 is a representative diagram of the circuits associated with thetransmitter.

Fig. 7a is a diagram of the circuits at the receiver.

Fig. 8- is a timing chart of the circuit closing devices utilized in thecircuits at the transmitter.

Fig. 8a is a timing chart of the circuit closing devices employed in thereceiver circuits.

Fig. 9 is an illustration of a sweep circuit.

Fig. 10 illustrates an amplifier tube and associated circuits.

Fig. 11 shows the circuit connections of one form of filter.

The machine to which the features of the present invention are appliedis similar to that shown in the U. S. Patent No. 1,976,617 issued to C.D. Lake and G. F. Daly on October 9, 1934. That patent illustrates andexplains in more extensive detail the manner of organization and themode of operation of the various units of a well known type ofaccounting machine. In the present application, these unitswill beexplained in only as much detail as will be necessary to point out themanner in which the objects of the present invention may be realized.

Before setting forth the general operation of the machine, the variousmechanical units will be described and their relationship pointed outthereafter.

Card feeding mechanism The card feeding mechanism shown in Fig. 1 isidentical with that shown and described in the aforementioned patent,except that provision is made in the form of a clutching device forinterrupting the card feeding operations without stopping the main driveshaft. As is customary in machines of this type, a pair of sensingstations are provided. The upper station is provided with the usualbrushes UB, whereas at the lower station a cathode ray tube scanningdevice Tl is provided and cooperates with a plurality of light sensitivedevices L. The tube T-l and the devices L are suitably supported inposition at the lower sensing station by the side frames of the feedingmechanism.

In the feeding operation, a stack of record cards R are successivelyadvanced by a picker 9 to pairs of feed rollers III which serve toadvance the cards past the upper and lower sensing station. The shaftsupon which rollers I II are mounted are provided with gears at theirextremities, arranged as shown in Fig. 1, for operation by a maindriving gear II which is freely mounted upon a shaft 8 and which hasconnection with an arm 15 through a sleeve 1 (Fig. 10.). Arm I 5 carriesa spring-pressed clutching dog 16 normally held in the position shown byan armature latch H which is adapted to be controlled by clutch magnetl8. Between gear H and arm I 5 are located gear l3 and clutch drivingdisc H freely rotatable upon the sleeve 1. Gear II has connectiongenerally designated I! with pulley shaft 6 which is in operation aslong as the main driving motor is operating. Energiza tion of magnet l8causes dog ii to be tripped into engagement with disc l4, and the cardfeeding mechanism thereupon causes the records R to be advanced past thesensing stations. Card feeding operations continue as long as magnet llremains energized.

In the actual sensing operations, the upper brushes act in the usualmanner to complete circuits through the holes in the cards forcontrolling purposes. The cathode ray tube, which replaces the customarylower brushes, is acted upon by a controlling sweep circuit as explainedhereinafter in such a manner that an electron beam, active within thetube during its operation, is caused to sweep horizontally across afluorescent screen S in timed relation with the feeding of the cards.The fluorescence of the screen when acted upon by the beam causes anincreased amount of light to pass through the holes in the card as theyappear at the lower sensing station so as to actuate a group ofphoto-cells L placed on the opposite side of a convex lens system U.Screen S is preferably of low retentivity so as to permit the maximumamount of light to pass therethrough, and the convex lenses serve toconcentrate this light on the photo-cells which are preferably quitesmall so that a great number of them may be placed side by side withoutrequiring too much space. These cells may be of the photo-voltaic typeand they operate in the conventional manner such as to produce anelectromotive force when there is an increase in the light directedthereto. The cards have the usual vertical columns of digit positionsand one photocell is provided for each data column. Arrangement is madefor the electron beam to traverse like digit positions during eachsweep, i. e. the 9s" are read during one sweep, the 8's" during thenext, etc. The controlling cirruits for this operation will be taken uplater.

During total taking cycles of operation to be explained later, magnet I!is deenergized and thus card feeding will not take place during suchcycles.

Printing mechanism The printing mechanism is shown in Fig. 3 where typebars 20 are carried by cross-head 2| which is slidable vertically onrods 22. Springpressed arms 23 pivoted to the cross-head at 2| havetheir free ends butting the lower extremity of the type bars so that, asthe cross-heaci moves upwardly, the type bars are urged in the samedirection. The reciprocating movement of the cross-head is controlledfrom shaft I9 corresponding to shaft IQ of Fig. 1, the latter beingcontinually driven from the main operating shaft at the transmitter andthe former being driven from a corresponding shaft (not shown) at thereceiver which is kept in synchronism in a manner to be describedhereinafter. Shaft is has secured thereto a clutch driving element 25notched to cooperate with a clutching dog 25 carried by and pivoted tolisting cam 21. Clutch releasing arm 28 cooperates with dog 25 to holdthe parts in the position shown when magnet 29 is deenergized.Energization of magnet 29 causes arm 28 to rock in a counterclockwisedirection releasing dog 26 for engagement with element 25 whereupon thelisting cam rotates with shaft l9 and, through follower arm 30, effectsthe rocking of shaft 3|.

Secured .to shaft 3i are arms 32 whose free ends have link connection tothe cross-head 2| causing the latter to be reciprocated once for eachrevolution of the listing cam. As the type bars move upwardly, the typeelements 33 successively pass the printing position opposite platen 34and ratchet teeth 35 successively pass the toe of the stop pawl 36.Energization of printing magnet 31 effects the tripping of latch 38,permitting stop pawl 36 to engage one of the ratchet teeth 35 and thuspositioning the corresponding type element opposite the platen.

Associated with each type bar 20 is a springpressed printing hammer 40pivoted at 4|. The hammer normally rests against an operating ball 42also pivoted at 4|, the bail being operatively connected to a trippingmember 43 which is biased in a counterclockwise direction by a spring44. The lower extremity of one arm of member 43 is in latchingcooperation with an arm 45 pivoted at 46 to the cross-head operatinglever 32. As the lever 32 is rocked in a clockwise direction to elevatethe cross-head 2| and the type bar 20, the pivot 46 is moved upwardlytherewith and causes the tripping member 43 to be rocked clockwiseagainst the action of spring 44. The connection between the bail 42' andthe member 43 is such that the bail is rocked counterclockwise away fromthe type elements 33. As the lever 32 reaches its utmost extremity oftravel, a pin 41 carried by arm 45 brings about the release of thetripping member 43 so that the latter is rocked rapidly in acounterclockwise direction by the action of spring 44. The hammer bail42 is concurrently rocked in a clockwise direction against the hammers40 causing the latter to strike the type elements 33 which are in aprinting position -to effect printing therefrom.

Accumulating mechanism The adding mechanism is identical to that shownand described in patent referred to and the description thereof willaccordingly be limited to a brief explanation of its manner ofoperation. The accumulator drive shaft 53 (Fig. 6) is geared directly tothe pulley shaft at the receiver (not shown) which corresponds to, andis kept in synchronism with, shaft 6 at the transmitter (Fig. l). Themanner in which the transmitter and re-- ceiver shafts respectively arekept in synchronism will be described later. It will be understood thatthese shafts are operated in phase by a preadjustment of the receiverdriving mechanism with respect to the transmitter driving mechanism sothat, forexample, a ratchet tooth on a drive clutch for the receiverwill have the same phase relationship as a ratchet tooth on thecorresponding drive clutch for the transmitter. The angular relationshipbetween the teeth on the clutch ratchets and the armatures of thesynchronous motors TM and 'I'Mr is initially established by timing markson the respective elements. The ratchets have a tooth for each possibleangular position at which they may be pulled into synchronous speed.Thus, if the engaging pawls of the clutches are tripped slightly aheadof the tooth in which they are to engage, a slight variance in thetripping time will not render any detrimental effect in view of the factthat they are engaged at the same instant by the driving faces of thenext ratchet teeth. Shaft 53 is thus kept in operation as long as thedriving motor at the receiver is functioning and the driving ratio issuch that this shaft makes one revolution for each record feeding cycleat the transmitter. A clutch element 54, slidably mounted on shaft 53but keyed for rotation therewith, is provided for each denominationalorder of the accumulator. The element 54 is provided with a groove inwhich fits the short arm of a lever 55 pivoted as shown and having ablock 55 normally held as in Fig. 6 by armature latch 51 of an addingmagnet 58. A leaf spring 59 bears against the extremity of the longerarm of lever 55 and moves the same in a counterclockwise direction uponrelease of block 56 by armature 51. This movement brings clutchingmember 54 into engagement with cooperating teeth which are integral witha gear 5| loosely mounted on shaft 53-. Gear 5|, when thus coupled toshaft 53, causes the rotation of a gear 52 meshing therewith andconsequently the displacement of accumulator index wheel 33. Therearward extremity of member is adapted to be engaged by a finger 54toward the end of the cycle for the purpose of disengaging the clutchelement 54 from teeth 60 and relatching block 58 on armature 51.

Briefly summarizing the adding operation, it is noted that magnet 58 maybe energized at various points in the cycle of the machine dependingupon the location of a digit indication in a column of the record cardbeing sensed by the cathode ray tube Tl at the lower sensing station.This energization may occur in response to a digit indication in any ofthe index point positions from 9 to 1 inclusive. Should a digitindication be in the 9 index point position, clutch element 54 istripped nine steps before finger 64 is operated to declutch it.Similarly, a digit indication in the 1 index point position causes theclutch element 54 to be tripped one step before it is declutched by thefinger 64. The digit indications are customarily in the form of holes inthe card. Each step of clutching arrangement corresponds to a tenth of arevolution in the accumulator index wheel 63 so that a 9 hole moves thewheel of a revolution and a 1 hole moves it of a revolution.Energization of adding magnet 53 also causes the closing of apair ofso-called accumulator-list contacts 58a. associated therewith toestablish circuits to the print magnets on listing cycles which will bedescribed later in connection with the circuit diagram.

Read-out mechanism Also driven by gear (ii is a gear 65. Since the ratioof gears 55 and 62 is 2:1, the former wi. turn through a half revolutionfor each revolution of the latter. Carried by and insulated from gear 55is a pair of electrically connected brushes 66, one of which cooperatessuccessively with the conducting segments 61 while the other cooperateswith an arcuate conducting strip 68.

The relationship of the parts is such that, when the index wheel 63 isin its zero position. one of the brushes 6! is in contact with the zerosegment '1 and the other brush is in contact with the strip 60, thusforming an electrical connection between the two. If the wheel 63 isdisplaced to indicate, say, 8, then one of the brushes 66 will be incontact with the "8" segment 61 and the other brush will be in contactwith the arcuate strip 66.

The positioning of the brushes 66 provides a convenient electricalread-out mechanism for controlling total printing operation and theelectrical circuits involved in these functions will be more fullyexplained with reference to the circuit diagram.

Accumulator resetting mechanism The shaft 69 (Fig. 6) upon which theindex wheels 63 of an accumulator are loosely mounted is slotted forcooperation with spring-pressed pawis (not shown) pivoted upon andcarried by the individual index-wheels in such manner thatcounterclockwise rotation of shaft 6! causes the index wheels 63 tobecome engaged and driven forwardly to the zero position during a singlerevolution of shaft 69.

Referring to Fig. 2, shaft 68 carries a gear II at its extremity whichis in engagement with gear ll mounted upon reset shaft I2. Gear Ii, ofwhich there is one for each accumulator, is coupled to the resettingshaft I2 in the well known manner more fully explained in the patentabove referred to. At the extremity of shaft I2 is a gear 13 (see alsoFig. which is adapted to be driven by an intermittent gear 14 which issecured to shaft 15' which corresponds to shaft 16 shown in Fig. 1. Alsofixed to shaft 16' is an arm 16' which carries a spring-pressed clutchdog Il' normally held in the position shown in Fig. 2 by a latching arm18' supported by armature shaft 16' of magnet armature 80.

Energization of magnet 8i causes dog II to be released for engagementwith clutch driving element 62'. Element 82 is integral with a gear 66'which meshes with a gear 64', secured upon the constantly running shaftit. With this arrangement, drive element 02' is in constant rotation andwhenever it is desired to effect resetting of the accumulators, magnetSi is energized to provide a connection between the element 62 and theresetting shaft 12. Resetting is usually an accompaniment of totaltaking and, by virtue of the intermittent gear connection between 13 andH, occurs during the latter part of a total taking cycle after thetotals have been printed.

Although there are no accumulators at the transmitter, a reset clutch isprovided as shown in Fig. 1 for operating the P cams which are mountedon shaft 15 and have circuit controlling contacts associated therewith.This clutch mechanism is similar to that just described for theaccumulators at the receiver and corresponding parts at the transmitterare given the same reference characters without the primes. The clutchis engaged during a total taking cycle to cause the P cams to operatetheir associated contacts to control the machine during a printing cycleat the receiver. It will be noted in the timing chart (Figs. 8 and 80)that the Rand Pr cams are twocycle cams. This is for the reason that thedrive ratio between the cam shaft and the drive shaft is such that thesecams make only one revolution for two revolutions of the drive shaft. Itis understood that the purpose of such a gear ration is to providesufflcient time for a total printing cycle to occur. If the printing isaccompanied by a resetting operation at the receiver, then both resetclutches function in unison as will be better understood uponexplanation of the wiring diagram. It should be mentioned that properspeed and phase relationship of shafts I6 and II are maintained, sincethe drive shafts II and II' at the transmitter and receiver,respectively, are operated in exact speed and phase relationship. Thereset magnets 8i and I l are energized at the same time in the cycle,under control of the related cam contacts, to cause driving engagementof the related clutch mechanisms I1 and 62, and 11' and 62,respectively, at the same time.

Circuit controlling devices In Fig. 4 is shown a so-called emitter whichcooperates with the read-out devices of the accumulator for totalprinting operations. Carried by a stud coaxially with the shaft II is apair of electrically connected brushes 86, one of which contacts withconducting-segments 61 while the other wipes over a common arcuateconducting strip 88. The brushes .6 are carried by a gear 66 driventhrough an idler 9| from a gear 6i carried by constantly running shaftII. The emitter used for controlling total printing operations is timedso that a brush 66 successively contacts with each of the segments 61 asthe corresponding type elements 33 of Fig. 3 approach printing positionopposite platen 34.

A plurality of cam-controlled contacts, operable only during printingand reset cycles, are provided at the receiver, these contacts beingprefixed with the letter P" but bearing the subscript "r to distinguishthem from the P cams already referred to at the transmitter. The Pr camsare mounted on a shaft '2 driven from shaft 15'. Similar cam controlleddevices pretlxed with the letter "L" are carried by or may be drivenfrom shaft II at the transmitter and shaft I! at the receiver and theseare in constant operation as long as the driving motors are functioning.The contacts associated with the constantly running cams at the receiverare provided with a subscript "r to distinguish them from the L-camcontacts at the transmitter.

The usual circuit breakers I33 and illr are provided at the transmitterand receiver respectively and are timed to make at the beginning of eachindex point in the machine cycle and break before the end thereof tocontrol circuits to the accumulators and print magnets as will beexplained later. Additional sets of contacts ma, il3ar are provided atthe transmitter and receiver respectively to aid the usual circuitbreaker contacts in effecting the control circuits above referred to.

All the cam contact devices are indicated in the timing diagrams (Figs.8, 8a) where there relative timing may be observed.

General explanation of the circuit diagram The wiring diagram of theelectric circuits is shown in Fig. 7 and 7a wherein the various camcontact devices are diagrammatically shown and suitably labeled L, Lr orP, Pr as Just explained. The exact timing of these contact devices isshown in Figs. 8, 8a to which reference may be made for the actual timein the cycle of operation during which they function. Due to thepresence of numerious interlocking relays in the circuits both at thetransmitter and receiver, it has not been advisable in all instances toshow relay magnets and their associated contacts in close proximity toone another.

For purposes of clarity in the wiring arrange ment the relay contactpoints are shown in the circuits which they control and their relaymagnets are repeated adjacent thereto. Furthermore, the contacts aredesignated with the same reference numeral as their controlling magnet,followed by a lower case letter.

Synchronizing means.-The driving motors at the transmitter and receivermay be operated in synchronism by any well known means, a preferredmethod being that illustrated in the U. S. Patent No. 1,505,158, issuedto De Loss K. Martin on August 19, 1924. This method will now beexplained briefly in connection with Figs. 7 and la and if more detaileddescription is desired, reference may be made to the above Martinpatent. The obvious purpose of maintaining the driving mechanism at eachstation in synchronism is to assimilate most nearly the condtion of anac counting machine having the usual compact structure in which thevarious units are driven from a common, constantly running drive shaft.

At the transmitter (Fig.7) a pair of alternators 95 and 96 are providedto supply electrical power at two different frequencies. The frequencyset up by alternator 95 becomes the carrier frequency of the systemwhereas the frequency established by alternator 96 is utilized purely asa synchronizing frequency. Upon the closing of switch SE, a circuit iscompleted from ground Gi, alternator 95, alternator 95, switch Si nowclosed, either through filter 98 to ground G2 or via conductor 99through transmitter I to ground G3. Filter 98 is comprised of suitablytuned elements which may be inductance, capacitance, or resistance.Filters are generally classed as high pass, low pass and band passfilters, filter 88 being of the low pass type and designed to permit thesynchronizing frequency but not the carrier frequency to passtherethrough.

For purposes of illustration, Fig. ll shows a representative circuitarrangement of that type of filter known in the art as a band passfilter. It consists of high pass and low pass sections comprisinginductance and capacitance suitably tuned so that the desired range orband of fre quencies in the input circuit is non-attenuated in theoutput circuit, while remaining input frequencies are attenuated and donot appear in the output. The synchronizing frequency which appears atthe output of the filter is fed to the input of an amplifier 91, thenupon closing of switch S2, the output circuit of amplifier 9f affords apower supply through switch S2, motor TM, to ground G4. thereby drivenat synchronous speed in accordance with the controlling frequency of thealternator 96. It is noted that both the synchronizing frequency and thecarrier frequency are impressed upon the transmitter and that the outputof the transmitter is in turn impressed upon the aerial and transmittedtherefrom as radiant energy in the well known manner.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example of a form of amplifier and its associatedcircuits. A three element tube is shown having an input circuit withterminals 0 and d and an output circuit having terminals e and f. Avoltage divider is employed to provide the customary negative bias onthe grid element normally to prevent current flow through the tube.However, the reception of impulses by the input circuit has the effectof reducing the negative bias on the grid element of the tube to permitcurrent to flow in the output circuit through whatever load may beconnected to terminals e and f.

It will be understood that wherever an amplifier such as 91 is shownhereinafter, the power supply is included in .the diagrammatic outlinerepresentation of the amplifier and its connected surface. Furthermore,it will be appreciated that the representative showing includes as manystages of amplification as are necessary to provide sufficient power tooperate whatever load may be connected to its output.

When the receiving device IDE receives this radiant energy from thetransmitter, it is demodulated and its output circuit includes a signalhaving a frequency corresponding to the synchronizing frequencymentioned above. Receiver IOI is shown diagrammatically in box form butis understood to include the fundamental sections which comprise theradio frequency am plifier, a detector or demodulator, and an ampliherfor the output of the detector, and that such Motor TM is a synchronousmotor and is amplification is provided as will be necessary to producean output current of sufficient strength to operate the various relaysand magnets of the accumulators and print unit.

In the present system it will be noted that at the transmitter a currenthaving a given frequency is provided for synchronizing purposes. Thiscurrent is amplified at the transmitter to drive the motor TM at a fixedspeed. The same current is also utilized to modulate the transmitterfrom which it is sent to the receiver as radiant energy in the wellknown manner. The radiant energy is demodulated by the receiver, theoutput of which includes a current having the synchronizing frequency.The latter current is separated from the total output of the receiverand is amplified to drive the synchronous motor TMr at the same fixedspeed as TM. It will be appreciated in this method of synchronizingthat, although the power employed for driving the motors at thetransmitter and receiver respectively is supplied locally, a current ofpredetermined frequency is utilized commonly at both transmitter andreceiver for controlling the respective local sources of power.

The feed mechanism is driven by motor TM through shaft 6 andaccumulators and print mechanism by motor TMr, through shafts 6', 53 andI9 as previously mentioned. Since motors TM and TMr are kept at constantspeed by cur rent of the same frequency, the shafts at the re ceiver areconstantly operated in a synchronous relationship closely approximatingthe condition normally attained by actual mechanical connection betweenthese parts in the usual tabulating machine structure.

Generation of impuZses.-A preferred type of cathode ray tube isillustrated schematically in the wiring diagrams (Figs. 7, 7a). Threesuch tubes are employed in the system and are designated T| T2, and T-3.Tube T-i is located in the card feeding and analyzing unit as previouslymentioned and tube 'I'-2 is located at the receiving station and isarranged to operate in step with tube T-i. Tube T--3 cooperates with thetube Tl at the transmitting station for automatic group control purposesas will be described later herein. These tubes are highly evacuatedvessels containing means for generating an electron beam in a mannerfamiliar to those skilled in the electronic art. The cathode C is heatedby the heater H which is connected to suitable battery supply (notshown). The first anode A accelerates the electrons of the beam E whichpasses between the electrostatic deflecting plates DI and D2 and on tothe opposite end of the vessel to im pinge on a fluorescent screen S inthe case of tube T--I and on targets 12 in the case of tubes T---! and13-3.

The high voltage direct current potential source B (see tube T-i)supplies the operating potentials for the various electrodes. A variableresistance r is connected across the battery B. The high voltage anode Ais connected to the positive side of the variable resistance which pointis connected to ground. The grid G2 is connected to a suitableintermediate potential by means of tap 24. The control id GI isnegatively biased with respect to the cathode C by connection to aSill"- able point 2'4 along the variable resistance r. Deflecting platesDI and D2 are connected on one side directly to high potent al ground toassume the same potential as anode A. Plates DI have their otherconnection leading through a high resistance i H to ground so that theyhave the same static potential as anode A, an operating expedientcommonly employed in this type of circuit arrangement.

Tubes T-2 and T-3 are provided with a plurality of spaced metallicplates or targets t within the tube at its larger end S. These plateshave individual connections thereto which extend through the tube andhave individual circuits leading therefrom which control various machineoperations to be described hereinafter. Tube T--I, on the other hand,has no such targets, the beam El being played upon the screen S toproduce a fluorescent effect. The light from this fluorescence fallsupon the record cards as they are fed in succession thereto by the cardfeeding mechanism previously described. In the event that the light beamencounters a hole in the record card, it passes through the card and thelens system U, and then strikes upon a related one of the lightsensitive photo-cells L to cause the latter I to generate an impulse.

In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, the beam El is causedto sweep across the full horizontal length of the card, plus a slightdistance more, and to return to the starting point within one-half of anindex point of a card feeding cycle. In other words the beam scans allof the columns of the record card at one time in like digit positions.For example, all the 9 holes of a card are read concurrently within onesweep of the beam and all the "8 holes are read with next sweep of thebeam. Provision is made for a greater sweep than the length of the cardin order that photo-cells L and L may be operated. These cells serve inspecial control functions, as will appear later, L' being instrumentalin sending a control signal to the receiver for total printingoperations and L being employed in effecting a group indication cycle.It will be noted that L' and L" are actuated upon each sweep of thebeam. However, it will later become apparent that other conditions mustbe present before these cells may become eifective. In order that v thebeam will have horizontal deflection imparted to it by the horizontaldeflecting plates DI a simple sweep circuit is connected to these platesso that the proper variances in potential to effect the desired sweep ofthe beam are automatically applied. The sweep circuit generallydesignated H2 is shown only diagrammatically in Fig. 7 since any one ofnumerous different well known types are applicable. A preferreddisclosure is entitled The Cathode Ray 'Iube at Work" published in 1935.It will be noted that this sweep circuit is not continuously operatingbut is rendered effective only during the active index points of cardfeed cycles under the control of the customary circuit breaker contactsI33 at the transmitting station and I33r at the receiving station (seetiming charts Figs. 8 and 80.).

An illustration of a sweep circuit is shown in Fig. 9 which, in itssimplest form, includes a gaseous discharge tube X, a condenser Y, and aresistance Z connected with a suitable source of supply and an externalcircuit through terminals 0 and b. With this arrangement, current flowsthrough resistance Z building up a charge of the condenser Y until thebreak down point of tube X is reached, whereby the condenser dischargesthrough the tube. The building up time of the condenser being muchgreater than the discharge time, a so-called saw tooth current wave isproduced. The circuit breaker contacts I33 or "3r are arranged tocontrol the closure of the sweep circuit in timed relation with thefeeding of the cards. The sweep circuit in turn controls the cathode raytube to which it is connected to change the potential on the horizontaldeflecting plates so that the electron beam is caused to sweep acrossthe cards. The timing of the sweep circuit itself, obviously, dependsupon the selection of the capacitance and resistance which con trol thiscircuit.

The provision for an extended sweep of the beam beyond the length of thecard is so that other photo cells may be actuated for certain controloperations of the system to be described presently. The rate of travelof the sweeping beam is sufficiently great in comparison with the speedof card feeding that the beam may be easily made to operate within thedesired time intervals. Impulses set up by the photo-electric cells uponwhich the beam plays are then sent to the transmitting device and fromthere to the receiving station to make entries into and control theoperation of the accumulating and printing mechanism at the receivingstation.

Initial reset cycle-At the lower right portion of Fig. 7 is located theusual group control mechanism generally designated GC and, as is usualin tabulating machines, it is first necessary to set up the groupcontrol holding relay magnet R03 (just above tube T-I) before the cardfeeding mechanism previously described can be set in operation. This iseilfected by depression of the reset key to close contacts IIO, therebycompleting a circuit from right-hand side of the line I05, contacts IIO,relay coil 'R30, to left-hand side of the line I06. The lines I05 and I"are connected through a main switch MS to a suitable source of supply Wwhich provides the electrical energy for energizing the transmittercircuits such as the one Just described. Energizetion of magnet R30closes its contacts R30a in the upper part of Fig. 7 which willthereupon complete a circuit from right side of line I00, stop keycontacts I01, contacts R30a now closed, main drive clutch magnets I30,to line I00. Magnets I30, upon becoming energized, cause a coushown onpage 59 of a text book by John F. Rider pling of the drive motor to thepulley shaft 0, mentioned above, and, incidentally, also causes theclosing of contacts Illa which provide a holding circuit-for magnets I30through cam contacts LI to line I05. Cam contacts LI open toward the endof each cycle, and at such time, the circuit is maintained througheither contact UCLe or LCLe which are in series with stop key contactsI01. The manner in which one or more of these contacts in the holdingcircuit may be opened to interrupt the same will be explainedhereinafter.

The relay magnet R30, energized by depression of the reset key, closes asecond pair of contact points R300 to complete a circuit from line I05,cam contacts L2, contacts R3017, reset magnet 8|, to line I06. Asexplained in the mechanical description, energization of magnet 8|causes a cycle of operation of the P cam contacts at the transmitter tocontrol various circuits of the sys tem. Contacts P! (at the lower partof Fig. '1), for example, close to energize the group control relaymagnet R43 from line E06, cam contacts P1, relay magnet R43, contactsLCLc or L23, to line I05. Contacts R43a close to provide a shunt circuitaround contacts P1 to hold relay magnet R43 energized. The manner inwhich the group control mechanism GC functions in the system will bedescribed later.

Prior to the closing of cam contacts P1 to energize magnet R43 in themanner just described, however, relay magnet R49 is energized by acircuit from line I06, relay magnet R49, cam contacts LIB, relaycontacts R4301, cam contacts P9, to line I05. Contacts R4911 close uponenergization of magnet R49 to bring an alternator I21 into a circuitassociated with the carrier for transmitting a control signal or" acharacteristic frequency to the receiver as follows: ground GI, carrierfrequency alternator 95, alternator I21, relay contacts R49d now closed,switch SI, via conductor 99, input of transmitter I to ground G3. Theoutput of the said transmitter is impressed upon the associated groundedaerial in the well known manner for radiating the en ergy waves, whichwaves, in turn, are impressed upon the grounded aerial of receiver IOI.The usual demodulation and amplification of the waves take place withinthe receiver IN, the output of which is impressed upon conductor I02,via conductor I41 to the input of filter I48. The output of filter I48includes relay magnet I54 and common ground GI3. Contact I54a close whenmagnet I54 is energized to complete a circuit for energizing the resetmagnet 8| from line I4I, reset magnet 8|, contacts I54a now closed, camcontacts L2r to line I40. Lines I40 and MI are connected to a suitablesource of supply Wr through the main switch MSr. The energization ofmagnet 8| causes the resetting of the accumulators, to clear out any oldamounts which may be standing therein and prepare the accumulators fornew entries. I30, of course, must be energized to drive the addingwheels through the reset just described. Referring to the upper leftportion of Fig. 7, contacts I30b close upon energization of the mainclutch I30, so that an alternator I26 supplies power at a characteristicfrequency. The circuits involved are the same as those previously tracedfor alternator I21 as far as the receiver I0| (Fig. 7a). The output ofreceiver IN is traceable through conductors I02 and I41 to the input offilter I49, the output circuit of this filter including relay magnetI53, and ground GI3. Relay contacts |53a close to energize the mainclutch I30. Briefly, then, upon depression of the reset key both mainclutches and both reset magnets are energized concurrently to cause theoperation of the P cams at the transmitter and the operation of the Prcams and the reset of the accumulators at the receiver. Immediatelyfollowing the reset cycle, the feeding of The main clutch record cardsmay be initiated upon depression of the start key.

Starting circuit-With relay magnet R43 energized and the accumulatorscleared, depression of the start key to close contacts I29 oompletes acircuit from line I05, conductor I23, contacts I29, relay magnet R33,relay contacts R49b, relay magnet R32 to line I06. The contacts R491)will be in their normal deenergized position because when magnet R43 isenergized, the circuit to magnet R49 is broken. Relay contacts R330. arein parallel with the previously mentioned contacts Ra and complete theZol lowing circuit through the main clutch mag net I30: from line I05,stop key contacts Edi, relay contacts R33a now closed, main clutchmagnet I30, to line I06. The energization of magnet I30 is againaccompanied by the energization of the main clutch magnet I30 at thereceiver by means of the previously described circuit energized fromalternator I26.

Relay magnet R32 is provided with a pair of contacts R32a which areadapted upon closure to complete a circuit to the card feed controlrelay magnet R39. This circuit is traceable from line I06, relay magnetR39, contacts R3211 now closed, stop key contacts I01a (operableconcurrently with the contacts I01), contacts R430 of the group controlrelay magnet R43 which are now closed, cam. contacts P9, to line I05.The above circuit, it will be observed, can only be completed when thegroup control relay magnet R43 is energized. Magnet R39 closes itscontact points R3922 which are wired in series with card feed clutchmagnet I8 to energize the latter so that records commence to feed,Contacts R39a also close to provide a holding circuit for magnet R39first through upper card lever relay contacts UCL?) and then alsothrough lower card lever relay contacts LCLb which close as the firstrecord card reaches the lower brushes.

Card lever circuiis.--As the record cards are advanced past theanalyzing brushes UB of the upper sensing station, the usual upper cardlever contacts I50 are closed to complete a circuit from line I05,contacts I50, magnet UCL, to line I06. Magnet UCL controls a number ofcontacts which are disposed in various circuits for controllingpurposes. One of these contacts, for example UCLe pointed out above asbeing in the holding circuit for the main clutch I30, helps interruptthis circuit if cards fail to feed past the upper brushes.Deenergization of main clutch I30 is always accompanied bydeenergization of main clutch I30 at the receiver, because contacts |30b(Fig. '1) open to break the previously described control cirouit to thereceiver from alternator I26. Since the card lever contacts I50 openbetween successive cards, a holding circult is provided through contactsUCLa and cam contacts L5 which serve to maintain magnet UCL energizedduring the interval when contacts I50 are open. In a similar manner, thelower card lever contacts I55, suitably located at the lower sensingstation so as to be operated by a card as it arrives at that station,cause energization of lower card lever relay LCL and the contact pointsLCLu. cooperate with cam contacts L5 to provide a similar holdingcircuit.

Listing circuits.--The circuit for the listing magnet 29 (Fig. 7a.) iscompleted from line I40, cam contacts L21, cam contacts PI 0r, TAB-LISTswitch set to the list position, upper and center straps of relaycontacts GIc, listing magnet 29, to line I4I. Through this circuitmagnet 29 is energized during each cycle of operation of the machine andthe printing mechanism will func- 7 tion accordingly.

As the record cards advance past cathode ray tube 'I-l at the lowersensing station of the transmitter, circuits are provided forcommunieating the descriptive data analyzed at this station throughaccumulator list contacts 58a to the printing magnets 31 at the receiverwhich control the stopping of the type bars as already explained inoperation of the printing mechanism given hereinbefore. The listcontacts 58a are closed upon energization of the adding magnets as thelatter receive impulses set up by the tube 'I--I and the light sensitivecells L at the transmitter. The adding circuit will be explained later.The closing of a pair of accumulator list contacts 58a completes acircuit to a print magnet 31 as follows: from line I40, circuit breakercontacts I33ar now closed, the particular contacts 58a which are alsonow closed, the print magnet 31 in series therewith, LISTTAB switch setto LIST, to line I4I. Print magnet 31 upon energization stops the upwardmovement of the type bar it controls to eifect the listing of the digitanalyzed on the record card at the transmitter.

Adding circuits-J'he circuits for adding into the accumulators arecompleted simultaneously with the listing circuits just described whenall the list control switches are set for listing. When the switches areset to the other position, no listing occurs but adding into theaccumulator takes place as data entries are read from each card passingthe lower sensing station at the transmitter. An adding circuit iscompleted during a sweep of the beam EI upon encountering a hole in thecard in any live column as previously described. The beam is under thecontrol of its sweep circuit which in turn is controlled by the circuitbreaker contacts I33. Provision is made completed even when a hole inthat column is encountered by light rays produced by the electron beamdue to the fluorescence of screen S. Repre- Transmission occurs in themanner previously described to the input of receiver MI, and from theoutput of the receiver via conductors I02 and The output circuit oftransformer I46 controls the bias on the grid element GI of the tube T2which is immediately reduced upon reception of the impulse so as topermit the electron beam E2 to extend to the targets t. The circuitthrough the tube is from negative battery Br, wire in, throughconnection with heater H to cathode C, electron beam E2, through theparticular one of the targets t which is related to the data column ofthe card being sensed to the input of amplifier I58 and from the outputof the ampli- 75 her through adding magnet for this column to commonground GI2. The circuit just traced energizes the adding magnet 56 forone order of the accumulator to turn its adding wheel in a mannerpreviously described to effect addition. It will be noted that tube'I'-2 has a sweep circuit 2' controlled by contacts I33r which are timedwith contacts I33 at the transmitter. The beam however, does not reachthe targets t until a pulse arrives to reinforce the input circuit,change the bias on the grid, and thus effect current fiow through thetube.

Group control-When the group control switch I60 (Fig. 7) is set to the"on position, cards are allowed to continue to feed as long as thecontrol indicia on successive cards passing the upper and lower sensingstations remain the same. The principle is the same as that shown inPatent No. 1,976,617 previously referred to. Represen tative circuitsinvolved in group control are traceable from the actuated photocell Lrelated to the column in which a perforation representing control dataappeared, jack I32, plug wire to Jack I34, input of amplifier I2I, andfrom the output of the amplifier to the input of transformer I22. Theoutput of the transformer is connected through contacts I33a now closed,contacts LCL/ now closed, primary winding of transformer I31, conductorI09, to the grounded input of filter I36. The output of transformer I31is connected to the input of tube T-3 and is arranged to bring about areduction of the negative bias on the grid of the tube to cause it topass current in the same manner as previously described for tube T-2 atthe receiver. Assuming the machine to be properly plugged for control,the output circuit of the tube is from negative battery BI, cathodeconnection of tube T3, electron beam to the target t corresponding tothe control column on the card, plug wire to jack I43, input ofamplifier I64, to ground CH4. The output circuit of axnplifier I64comprises wire I13, cam contacts LI2 and LI I, contact roll I42, upperbrush UB in corresponding column, jack I66, plug wire to jack I65, andcontrol magnet Hi. It will be noted that the circuit just traced dependsupon the fact that the hole in the record card at the upper and lowersensing stations is the same in the contacts In, common conductor I10 toline I05. Contacts I 12a close when magnet I12 becomes energized toprovide a holding circuit through cam contacts L23, and contacts I12balso close to complete a circuit for maintaining the group control relaymagnet R43 energized when contacts L20 open. The latter circuit istraceable from line I06, relay contacts R43a, relay magnet R43,conductor I63, contacts I12b now closed, jack I15, plug wire to jackI16, through left and center strap of contacts UCLc now closed, to lineI05. This circuit is not set up upon the occurrence of a group changeand the relay magnet R43 is deenergized on the next cycle when L23breaks, the card feeding mechanism continuing under its momentum to theend of the cycle where it is latched up by the card feed clutch I0. Theoperations Just described are well known in the tabulating art and aredescribed in detail in the previously mentioned Patent No. 1,976,617.

81, in a manner already Total printing and reset cycle After the openingof relay contacts R430 (Fig. 7) upon the occurrence of a group controlchange, relay contacts R4311 close to complete a circuit from line I08,relay magnet R49, cam contacts LIS, contacts R43d now closed, camcontacts P9, to line I05. Energization of relay magnet R49 closes itscontact points R490. which are in series with the reset clutch magnet8I. The circuit which energizes magnet BI is traceable from line I05,magnet 8I, relay contacts R49a now closed, cam contacts L2 to line I05.Relay contacts 49d also close to render alternator I21 effective toenergize the circuit for operating reset clutch magnet 8I at thereceiver concurrently with the energization of magnet 8I at thetransmitter in a manner already described under the heading of Initialreset cycle. Upon energization of the reset magnets 8|, 8| the P and Prcams start to turn and the first operation to take place is the printingof the totals standing in the accumulators at the receiver. This isbrought about as follows: at the start of the cycle a circuit iscompleted from line I06, relay contacts R431), relay contacts R49e nowclosed, contacts LCLg now closed since there is a card at the lowersensing station, relay magnet 200, cam contacts LI 8, to line I05.Energization of relay magnet 200 causes its contact points 200a toclose, thereby to complete a circuit to the receiver from ground GI I,cam contacts L24 now closed, contacts 200a, control cell L, conductorII5, to the input of amplifier I28, and from the output of the amplifierto the input of transformer I35. The output of the transformer isconnected via conductor I09 to the input of filter I36, and the outputof filter I36 is connected to the input of transmitter I00. Transmissionoccurs to receiver IOI in the previously described manner and then viaconductors I02 and I41 to the input of filter I45. The output of filterI45 is connected to the primary winding of transformer I46, the outputof the transformer being influenced by the transformer action asdescribed hereinbefore to cause the tube to pass current to target t andto the input of amplifier I38, the output circuit of amplifier I38,relay magnet I55 and common ground GI2. Filter I45 is tuned to preventthe synchronizing frequency from interfering with the adding and totaltaking circuits at the receiver, and thus acts similarly to filter I36(Fig. 7) which is arranged in conjunction with the transmitterconnections so as to prevent all frequencies appearing on line 99 frominterfering with those appearing on line I09. Energization of magnet I55by the circuit just traced completes an ob vious circuit for energizingtotal print control magnets I9I, I92 which are then maintained energizedthrough contacts I92e and cam contacts LIlr. Contacts I9Ia--d and I92a-dconnect the readout mechanism of the accumulators with the print magnets31, the latter becoming energized at differential times under thecontrol of the total print emitter as its brushes 86 sweep the segmentsdescribed, to stop the type bars in accordance with the totals standingin the accumulators and thus effect printing oi these totals.

The total printing operation is followed by a resetting of theaccumulators to clear the same in preparation for new entries to be madetherein from the following group of record cards. This is so well knownin the art that further description here is deemed unnecessary.

Automatic resumption of card feeding Cam contacts L3 are provided toenergize the start relay magnet R32 near the end of the resetting cycleof operations to pick up and energize the card feed clutch magnet I8.The circuits involved in the starting of the machine have been alreadytraced in detail and the operations controlled thereby will proceed inthe same manner as above.

Group indication cycle.--On the first tabulating cycle after a reset, ifcertain machine switches are properly thrown, a group indication iseffe'cted in the following manner: the GI magnet (Fig. 'I) is energizedby a circuit from line I06. relay magnet GI, contacts 20Ib, contactsL25.

switch I in the position shown for group indication, lower card levercontacts I52, to line I05. Relay magnet GI is held energized through itscontacts G111 and cam contacts L'I. Shortly after the energization ofmagnet GI, cam contacts L26 make (see timing chart Fig. 8) to complete acircuit for energizing the control magnet 20I. The circuit is traceablefrom line I06, magnet 20I, contacts L26, now closed, switch I8I in theposition shown for group indication, contacts Glc now closed, contacts(310. also now closed, cam contacts L1, to line I05. Magnet 20I ismaintained-energized through its contact points 20Ia which now close andcam contacts PI I. Energization of magnet 20I causes normally closedcontacts 20Ib to open in order to prevent the energization of magnet G1on subsequent tabulating cycles prior to the next group change.

Magnet GI, when energized, causes contact Gib to close and circuits arecompleted when contacts L21 close from ground GI I, through contactsL21,

contacts Glb, control cell L", conductor II5 to the input of amplifierI28. The circuits from the output of amplifier I28 to receiver WI andthrough conductors I02 and I41 are the same as previouslytraced to theinput of filter I45 and Irom filter I45 through the primary oftransformer I40. The transformer action of I46 reduces the bias of thegrid GI to cause the tube to pass current from negative battery Br, wirew, cathode connection 0, target t, to the input of amplifier I39. Theoutput of this amplifier extends through relay magnet I52 to the commonground GI2. Energization of magnet I52 closes its contacts I52a tocomplete an obvious circuit for energizing the group indication relaymagnet Gl at the receiver. Contacts GIa close to provide a holdingcircuit for magnet GI through cam contacts LIr. Contacts GIb also closeand complete a ground circuit for the amplifier I59 to prepare a printmagnet 31 connected thereto for energization by the pulses received fromtube T-2. This circuit is the same as that traced for the adding circuitdown to a target t and then to the input of amplifier I59,-and from theoutput of the amplifier through magnet 31 to ground GI2. Energization ofprint magnet 31 effects the usual group indication, this circuit beingcompleted only on the first card cycle after a reset because of the factthat magnet G1 at the transmitter is deenergized when LI breaks andcontacts GIb open to cut off the ground circuit of the amplifiers I59.

It is understood'that the list clutch magnet 29 is energized for thiscycle to set the printing,

closed, cam contacts PlUr, cam contacts L2r, to line M0.

Summary of operation It has been described how a cathode ray tubereplaces the customary analyzing brushes at the lower sensing station ofa Hollerlth type tabulating machine and is controlled by a sweep circuitwhich causes the cathode ray beam to sweep the complete length of thecard and back during the time the card is being fed one-half an indexpoint position. Any data perforation encountered by the beam allows thebeam to pass and act on a photo cell related to the particular column inwhich the hole occurs to set up a pulse. 1

This pulse is sent to a transmitting device where it is impressed on acarrier wave and sent to a receiving station. The pulse upon arrival atthe receiving station is taken on the carrier wave and sent to the inputcircuit of another cathode ray tube which is controlled by a sweepcircuit in step with the sweep circuit of the tube at the transmittingstation. The incoming pulse changes the grid bias of the tube at thereceiving station and allows the beam to reach a particular target tocomplete a circuit leading therefrom to an adding magnet and/or a listmagnet.

A third tube is provided to cooperate in a similar manner with the firsttube at the transmitter for the purpose of effecting automatic groupcontrol. Control circuits are maintained as long as holes in successivecards remain the same in the columns on which the machine iscontrolling. A failure of any one of these circuits causes the haltingof the card feed and, it the switches are so set, an automatic total andreset cycle is initiated as is customary in Hollerith machines. Controlpulses are set up by the cathode ray tube and two special control cellsat the lower sensing station and control currents of characteristicfrequencies are generated by several alternators to provide for all thecontrol operations of the machine in their proper sequence and toconnect the units of the machine at the receiving station and at thetransmitting station in a manner which assimilates actual mechanicalconnection.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamentalnovel features oi the invention as applied to a single modification itwill be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changesin the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operationmay be made by those skilled in the art without departing from thespirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limitedonly as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a remotely controlled accounting machine system employing recordcards having digit representations differentially located thereon inaccordance with the denominational order and magnitude of said digits;8. primary station including therein a cathode ray tube, means forfeeding record cards past said tube, control means for causing the rayof the tube to scan each record card repeatedly in timed relation withthe record feeding means, each individual scanning operation coveringall digit representations of equal value, and said scanning operationsbeing repeated once for each diiferent digit value, data detecting meanscomprising a fluorescent element for producing a light trace of the rayduring each individual scanning movement and light sensitive 5 tlons onthe record card to distinguish the difdevices selectively actuated bythe light from said ferent denominational orders of the like digits, andmeans to transmit said pulses; and a secondmy station including thereinmeans to receive said pulses, a cathode ray tube and control means forthe ray of said tube operating in synchronism with the control means atthe primary station denominational order data accounting elements withindividual operating means therefor, a plurality oi conductors locatedso as to be impinged upon by the ray of the second mentioned tube assaid ray is operated by its control means, circuit connections from saidconductors to said operating means, and means controlled by thereceiving means in accordance with the received pulses for causing thesecond mentioned tube to pass cur rent through said conductors tocontrol the energization of the aforesaid operating means in accordancewith the diflerential timing of said pulses to cause the data accountingelements to manifest the digits in their proper denominationa1 order,the magnitudes oi said digits being ticular scanning movement of thesaid digits are detected.

2. In a remotely controlled accounting machine system employing recordcards having digit representatlons differentially located thereon, inacvices adjacent said tube and aligned with certain portions of eachrecord card as the latter passes the tube, control means for causing thecathode ray to sweep a predetermined distance across the face 01' eachrecord card repeatedly in timed relation with the record feeding means,each complete sweep oi the ray covering all representations of equalvalues and said sweeping operation being digit value, an

beam upon encountering a digit representation in a portion of the recordcard causing actuation of the device aligned with that portion togenerate a timed impulse for said representation to distrol means,circuit connections from said conductors to said operating means, andmeans conreceiving means upon reception of the impulse for causing thesecond mentioned cathode ray tube to pass current through a setherelated accounting element or the particular manifest the digitrepresented by the timed impulse, the magnitude of the manifested digitbeing dependent upon the particular sweeping movement in which the timedimpulse is established.

3. In a statistical system controlled by a record medium having columnsof denominational index points with the same digit points of differentcolumns forming rows extending across the record medium; a first stationincluding therein means to feed said record medium past a sensingstation, an electronic sweep device at said sensing station for sensingdata representations at certain digit points on the record medium;control means including a sweep circuit for controlling the sweep ofsaid device across the record medium in timed relation with the feedingmeans, one row being traversed during one sweep movement, an elementresponsive to the flow of electrons in the device for producing a lightbeam corresponding thereto, light sensitive units located on theopposite side of the record medium from the device and selectivelyrendered operative during one sweep of the beam in accordance with thesensing of data representations to generate differentially timedimpulses representing the proper columnar relationship of the data, andmeans to transmit said impulses; and a second station including thereinmeans to receive said impulses, an electronic sweep device, meansresponsive to said impulses for causing a flow of electrons in saiddevice, control means including a sweep circuit operating in synchronismwith that of the first mentioned device, a plurality of conductivetargets located'so as to be impinged upon by said electronic ray of thesecond mentioned sweep device, data receiving elements with individualoperating means therefor, and circuit connections between said operatingmeans and the targets of the second mentioned device for causingselective energization of said operating means in accordance with thedifferential times of operation of said second mentioned device by theaforesaid impulses to enter equal values in related ones of saidreceiving elements in their proper columnar relationship, during eachsweep of the devices, thereby determining the magnitude of themanifested data in accordance with the particular sweeping operation inwhich the impulses are established.

4. In a statistical system controlled by a record medium having columnsof denominational index points with like digit points of differentcolumns forming rows extending across the record medium; a first stationincluding means to feed said record medium past a sensing station, acathode ray tube at said sensing station for sensing datarepresentations at certain digit points on the record medium, controlmeans including a sweep circuit for causing the my to sweep in apredetermined path, each sweep of the ray covering a different row ofdigit points of the record, a fluorescent screen located between thesource of the ray and the record medium for transforming the ray of thetube into a light ray, a plurality of light responsive units eachrelated to one of the columns of the record medium and located so as tobe selectively operated by the ray as it senses the data representationsof a row of the record medium for setting up impulses at a differentialtime for each of the data representations in said row therebydistinguishing the different denominational orders to which saidrepresentations are related, and means to transmit said impulses; and asecond station including therein means to receive said impulses, acathode ray tube normally in an inoperative condition and meansresponsive to said impulses for rendering the tube operative, controlmeans including a sweep circuit for said tube operating in synchronismwith that of the first mentioned tube, a plurality of conductive targetslocated so as to be impinged upon by said ray during each operation ofthe ray by the second mentioned control means, data recording elementsand individual operating means therefor, and circuit connections betweenthe conductive target and the individual operating means for selectivelyenergizing said operating means at differential times in accordance withthe differential times of setting up of the impulses by the lightresponsive units at the first station to operate the recording elementsin the related denominational orders to manifest the data, the extent ofoperation of each of said recording elements being dependent upon whichof the different sweeps of the cathode rays causes the establishing ofthe energizing impulses for said elements.

5. In a statistical system controlled by 8. record medium having columnsof denominational index points with like digit points of differentcolumns in rows extending across the record medium; a first stationincluding therein means to feed said record medium past a sensingstation, a cathode ray tube at said sensing station for analyzing saidrecord medium for data representations in certain digit points thereof,means for causing the cathode ray to sweep across the rows of digitpoints in succession, one sweep for each row, a fluorescent screenbetween the record medium and the source of the ray for producing alight beam corresponding to said ray, a plurality of light responsiveelements, one for each column of the record medium, arranged toselectively cooperate with said tube upon contact of the light beam withdata representations in related columns to generate differentially timedimpulses representing different denominational orders of said data, andmeans to transmit said impulses; and a second station including thereinmeans to receive said impulses, a cathode ray tube normally biased tocut-off, means responsive to the impulses to cause operation of the tubefor each of said impulses, means to impart a sweep to the cathode ray ofthe second tube corresponding to the sweep of the cathode ray of thefirst mentioned tube, a plurality of conductive targets located so as tobe impinged upon in succession by the cathode ray of the secondmentioned tube during its sweep, data recording devices havingindividual operating means therefor, and circuit connections between theconductive targets and said operating means selected under the controlof the cathode ray of the second mentioned tube in accordance with thedifferential times the impulses are received from the first mentionedtube to energize the operating means to cause the recording devices ofthe related denominational orders to record the data, the extent ofoperation of each of the said recording devices being dependent upon theparticular sweep of the rays which establishes the energizing impulsesfor said device.

6. In a statistical system controlled by a record medium having columnsof denominational index points with like digit points of differentcolumns forming rows extending across the record medium; a first stationincluding therein means to move said record medium past a sensingstation, a cathode ray tube at said sensing station for sense datarepresentations at certain digit points on the record medium while inmotion, control means including a sweep circuit for effecting a movementof the cathode ray across the record medium to sense the rows of pointssuccessively, one sweep for each row, means intermediate the source ofthe ray and the record medium for changing the ray into a light beam, aplurality of light responsive devices individually related topredetermined columns of index points of the record medium, said devicescooperating with the tube upon contact of the light beam correspondingto the cathode ray with the data representations on the record medium togenerate impulses to represent different denominational orders of saiddata, and means to transmit said impulses; and a second stationincluding therein means to receive said impulses, a cathode ray tubenormally biased to cut-oil, control means including a sweep circuit forthe latter tube constructed to function in definite timed relation withthe sweep circuit of the first mentioned tube, means responsive to theimpulses for rendering the second mentioned tube operative at successiveintervals in accordance with the timing of said impulses, a plurality ofconductive targets located so as to successively intersect the cathoderay of the second mentioned tube during each sweeping movement, dataaccounting elements with individual operating means for said elements,circuit connections between the conductive targets and said operatingmeans selected for operation under the control of said second mentionedtube in accordance with the differential timing of the impulses tooperate said elements of the related denominational orders to indicatethe data sensed on the record medium, the extent of operation of each ofsaid elements being dependent upon the particular sweep during which theenergizing impulse for each related element is established.

7. In a statistical system controlled by a record medium having columnsof denominational index points with the same digit points of differentcolumns forming rows extending across the record medium; a first stationincluding therein means to feed said record medium past a sensingstation, a cathode ray tube at said sensing station for sensing datarepresentations at certain digit points on the record medium while beingfed in motion by the feeding means, control means including a sweepcircuit controlling the position of the cathode ray of the tube andcausing said ray to sweep across the record medium horizontally to sensethe rows of points successively so as to detect like digit values of alldenominations at differential times within one index point of movementof the record medium feeding means, means intermediate the source of theray and the record medium for transforming the ray into a light beam, aplurality of light responsive cells, each related to one of saiddenominational columns of index points of the record medium, alsosituated at the sensing station and adapted to be selectively operatedupon contact of the light beam corresponding to the cathode ray with thedata representations of the record medium to generate impulses torepresent the data, the denominational orders of digits of equal valuesbeing distinguished by their difl'erential timing, and means to transmitsaid impulses; and a second station including therein means to receivesaid impulses, a cathode ray tube and control means including a sweepcircuit for deflecting the ray 7 of the second mentioned tube indefinite time relation with the sweep circuit of the first mentionedtube, means responsive to the said impulses for causing the said tube tobe triggered ofl upon reception of each of said impulses, a plurality oiconductive targets located so as to intersect the ray of the secondmentioned tube in succession during the sweep of said ray, dataaccounting elements with individual operating means for said elements,and circuit connections between said conductive targets and saidoperating means selected for operation under the control of the ray ofsaid second mentioned tube in accordance with the differential timing ofthe impulses to operate each of said elements to a diflerential extentdependent upon which of the sweeps of the cathode rays establishes eachenergizing impulse for said elements.

8. In a record controlled statistical system, cyclically operated meansto feed records having columns of data representations in successionpast an analyzing section of the system, means at that section includingan electronic sweep device and a group of analyzing brushes foranalyzing corresponding columns of successive records simultaneously fordata representations thereon during a cycle of the feeding means, stopmeans normally capable of stopping the feeding means at the end of thecycle, means cooperating with the sweep device and efl'ective uponanalysis of a data representation thereby in one of the columns of therecord to emit a current signal, and a second electronic sweep device,means cooperating with the latter for operating it in a predeterminedtimed relationship with the first mentioned electronic sweep device, a.plurality or conductive targets located so as to be impinged upon insuccession by the electrons or the said second electronic sweep device,individual circuit connections from the analyzing brushes to the targets0! the second electronic sweep device, means responsive to said signalfor rendering the second electronic sweep device operative, therebycausing one of the said circuit connections to be energized wheneverdata representations are detected at the same instant in correspondingrecord columns by the analyzing brushes and the first mentionedelectronic sweep device, and means under control of the energizedcircuit connection for controlling the said stop means whereby thelatter is rendered incapable oi stop.- ping the feeding means at the end01' said cycle.

9. In a record controlled accounting machine system, cyclically operatedmeans to feed record cards having columns of data representations insuccession past an analyzing section or the system, said sectioncomprising a first station provided with a plurality of analyzingbrushes and a second station having a cathode ray tube scanning devicefor analyzing corresponding columns of successive cards simultaneouslyfor data representations thereon during a cycle of the feeding means,stop means normally capable of stopping the feeding means at the end ofthe cycle, means intermediate the source of the ray and the cards forcausing the my to produce light, light devices cooperating with the saidtube and selectively operated upon analysis of a data representative inone of the columns of the card at the second station to generate acurrent impulse, a second cathode ray tube, a plurality of conductivetargetsycontrol means for causing the ray of the second tube to scan thetargets in succession in synchronism with the scanning of the datarepresentations by the tube completed circuit whenever datarepresentations are detected at the same instance in correspondingrecord columns by the analyzing brushes and the first mentioned cathoderay tube, and means under control of the energized circuit forcontrolling the said stop means whereby the latter is rendered incapableof stopping the feeding means at the end of the said cycle.

ARTHUR H. DICKINSON.

